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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Criticism of monarchy ： ウィキペディア英語版 Criticism of monarchy Criticism of monarchy may refer to the criticism of monarchy as a form of government, or to the criticism of particular monarchical governments, as controlled by hereditary royal families. In some cases, criticism of royalty carries serious limits, and beyond those limits critical speech is regarded as criminal speech. Monarchies were strongly criticized during the Age of Enlightenment, as well as the concepts that substained them, such as the Divine Right of Kings. This led to the French Revolution and the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy on 21 September 1792. As well as the American Revolution in 1775, when the Patriots suppressed the Loyalists and expelled all royal officials. Later in Russia in 1917 with the February Revolution resulting with abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. In this country and many others the monarchic governments were replaced by republics, and other countries replaced their absolute monarchy with a constitutional monarchy. The reverse is also true with some brief return of the monarchy in France with the Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy and the Second French Empire. Or with the monarchy of Spain, which returned, but as a constitutional monarchy. In the twenty-first century, monarchies are present in the world in many forms: * Absolute monarchies in Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, the United Arab Emirates〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-02/education/29495629_1_monarchy-absolute-power-head )〕 (inside the regional sphere of power) and the Vatican City. * Constitutional monarchies in Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom and others. ==Legitimacy of the current royal families== Modes designation of kings do not involve democratic principles, including the election of kings by universal suffrage by the people they govern. For hereditary monarchies royal power transmission is carried from generation to generation. Several royal families are criticized in the world and their legitimacy challenged for example: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Criticism of monarchy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.